RESUMEN
AIM: To contribute insight into health and social care integration through an exploration of the care experiences of adults with degenerative neuromuscular conditions who use a mechanical ventilator at home. DESIGN: Descriptive qualitative research. METHODS: Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients and family carers living in Scotland during 2015-2016 and thematically analysed. RESULTS: To achieve a satisfying life, home ventilated participants required help from a variety of health and social care services, as well as care from family. Examples of successful care were identified, but there were also serious failures and conflict with services. Identifying how care fails or succeeds for this patient population and their families requires an understanding of the interdependency of health and social care. This was achieved by examining health and social care provision from the experiential perspective of care-users to provide insights into how disconnected provision has an impact on users' lives in numerous, idiosyncratic ways.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Anemia is a common complication of critical illness, but its duration after intensive care discharge and possible contributory factors have not been studied. Our aim was to follow patients discharged anemic from the intensive care unit (ICU) for up to 6 months and determine the duration of and possible reasons for persisting anemia. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study of intensive care (ICU) survivors with moderate-severe anemia at the time of ICU discharge. Erythropoietic and inflammatory markers were measured at regular intervals over six months to assess red cell production and factors limiting recovery from anemia. SETTING: An 18-bed medico-surgical ICU in a Scottish university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Patients who required >24 hrs of ventilatory support and were discharged from intensive care with hemoglobin < 100 g/L were studied prospectively over 6 months. 30 patients were recruited; 19 completed 6 months follow-up, 6 died during the study period, and 5 completed part of the follow up. Patients with ongoing renal failure or chronic hematologic disorders were excluded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 47% (9 of 19) of patients completing 6 months follow up recovered from their anemia. The median time to recovery was 11 wks (1, 3 quartiles: 9, 26 wks). 10 patients (53%) were still anemic 6 months after ICU discharge. No patients developed iron, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. An inappropriately low erythropoietin response to anemia was observed in virtually all patients and did not distinguish nonrecovering patients. Patients with delayed recovery or persisting anemia during the 13 wks following ICU discharge had higher levels of circulating inflammatory markers (IL-6 and C-reactive protein) and did not exhibit reticulocytosis during the weeks following discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia persists in many patients following critical illness and is associated with ongoing inflammation, inappropriate erythropoietin response and poor marrow red cell production.
